What follows is something I have just posted in Integral Institute, in response to Ewan's thoughts that Tony Blair is the first Integrally informed Prime Minister. I don't agree he is and I don't think his approach has been particularly helpful, maintaining the worst of the Thatcher era with a few tweaks. I am reposting here because I want to let rip, I think, about what the world feels like from here after 10 years of Blair government on top of the havoc of the previous 20 years of Tory government that no one in Scotland ever voted for. For me it amounts to 30 years of disenfrachisement and disappointment in the political system and I am only moved to write now because there is finally a ray of hope.
But more of that soon, here's the post about the Third Way
I am having continued trouble with the elevation of Tony Blair to the status of "Our first Integral Prime Minister". I don't believe there is anything particularly integral in his approach, nor am I in any sense convinced that the Third Way represents anything in second tier thought, approach or analysis.
I thought it might be helpful to have a look at what the Third Way actually is, both to clarify for those who aren't sure and to help people make useful comments about where they think the approach might fit. I have used Bill and Charlie Jordan's Social Work and the Third Way-Tough Love as Social Policy (Sage,2000), basically because it would take me a long time to express anything as clearly and also because I am largely sympathetic to this analysis. I am making no attempt to be even handed here, feel free to counter.
The Third Way
The Third Way is the name given by the New Labour leadership to its own political philosophy and strategy; it is also the title of texts by Tony Blair and his adviser, Professor Tony Giddens, both published in 1998. It purports to be an alternative to margaret Thatcher's free market model of the neo-liberal state, and to old-style socialism, both of the undemocratic Soviet, command economy kind, and of the Old Labour variety (with a mixed economy and universalistic, collectivist welfare state).
What is distinctive about the Third Way in both accounts is the emphasis on the requirement to find new expressions for the values of socialism, feminism, anti racism and justice. Tony Blair writes that Labour's values have not changed, but the means of achieving them must change: "The Third Way is a serious reappraisal of social democracy, reaching deep into the values of the left to develop radically new approaches" Similarly, Tony Giddens writes of socialist values which "remain intrinsic to the good life that it is the point of social and economic development to create"
The following is a list of the Third Way's values and how they are interpreted, following Carling (1999)
Equality-equal moral worth of all human beings: equality of opportunity, not outcome; protection of the vulnerable.
Autonomy- personal freedom; choice; political liberty.
Community - individual responsibility; reciprocity;obligations corresponding to social rights; social inclusion as the basis for social justice .
Democracy - empowerment; devolution of power
The key question is whether these values have any substance when they are detached from the context of socialism, feminism, anti racism and justice. As carling points out, the Third Way largely accepts capitalism as a suitable vehicle for delivering these values, and aims to modify it mainly in terms of the following policy goals:
lifelong learning (The Social Investment State)
a balance of rights and responsibilities
promoting independence through work
provision for genuine need
Institutions, Moral character and Political Settlements
Political mobilisations, such as Margaret Thatcher's "property owning democracy" and Tony Blair's "Third Way" rely on reaching new political "settlements" that combine 2 or more of 4 apparently conflicting cultural projects in new ways. The stability of the settlement depends on its capacity to create cohesion out of conflict (Douglas 1996).
The 4 cultural projects can be represented as
A Fatalism. Individuals make themselves. No form of morality is reliable. Luck or fate determine outcomes. Institutions are incidental.
B. Individualism. Individuals should pursue their own projects. Institutions should prevent them from violating each others' rights to do so.
C. Hierachy. Individuals should keep rules. Institutions should reinforce rules, they should punish wrongdoing and reward virtue.
D. Egalitarianism. Individuals are made by communities. Moral character is the product of membership and belonging. Institutions should protect comunities.
Thatcherism was a mobilization that combined Individualism and Hierarchy, against the collectivism of the 1970s under Old Labour. The Third Way introduces Egalitarianism, but in combination with Individualism(the individual as the moral unit in society) and Hierarchy ( the need for law enforcement and strong central government leadership).
Values, Morals and Emotions
The ethical foundations of the Third way are shaky. Its attempt to combine individualist and collectivist elements in moral and political culture is a necessary corrective to the unintended consequences of Thatcherism, but its version of community as a system of membership and mutuality is flawed. This is partly because it relies on the values and emotions of the "blood and guts" code and partly because it fails to recognise how the rational legal regulation of liberal democracy protects freedom and difference. It is also because it transposes principles of reciprocity and fairnes in co-operation from the sphere of small groups and associations (where they belong) to that of large, complex market societies (where they do not). As a result, the Third Way is much more authoritarian, monolithic and narrow than is needed to restore the sense of belonging and sharing of our culture.
The paradox at the heart of Third way ethics is that new Labour's programme requires citizens to be more self responsible and more aware of their interdependence, yet its style of government gets in the way of this cultural shift. If what are needed are more morally autonomous, active citizens, then the enforcement of obligations to the state is unlikely to produce them. If change is what is to be promoted, enforcement counsellors are not the best way to achieve this.
So there you go folks, the ethical dilemma at the heart of New labour, and the Third Way as an impossible cherry picked mish mash of incompatible ideas. It's not advanced, it's not new and it sure ain't either Integral or Second Tier. It is, in my view, as green as green can be, trying to encompass bits of everything as valid, with no ability to discriminate in order to be congruent or effective.
Liz